Midterm   Grading Notes                             The following notes are not a complete  ‘answer key’.  Instead, they are a collection of answers and comments that focus on questions or parts of questions that were particularly problematic.
1.	Chimps have highly developed social structures and a level of intelligence that allows them to understand and predict the wants or actions of other members of the community.    Because of this shared understanding between members of a community, a simple grunt, as it is interpreted within a particular context, can be quite meaningful.
2.	Several possible answers--all from Gibbs reading.  If points were lost is was because important aspects of the experiment you described were missing or inaccurate.
3.	The incongruity and its resolution are 2 separate things (although resolution may follow very quickly after perception of the incongruity)    For full credit you should have identified both the source of the incongruity (an answer that did not satisfy expectation) and the source of the resolution (a frame shift, or reanalysis in which it becomes understood that lawyers buried in sand is not a curiosity or a tragedy, but a partially completed job of burying them completely)   Other humor elements present were:  familiar joke subject –lawyers,  derision,  familiar joke format—question and answer.
4.	Everyone noted correctly that picture B was comprehended quicker.  Full credit answer should have also noted 1) that comprehender would build up a mental conception or simulation of event described and 2) that picture B would be congruent with that conception of the clock.
5.	Answer should have focused on constructional meaning and not the specific meaning of the example sentence.
6.	Probably the most missed question.   The answer I was looking for was that while fake generally means that the referent is missing or has made a substitution for some aspect of what is referred to by the following noun, the particular kind of substitution depends on the meaning of that noun and that involves understanding the noun within the frame evoked by it.  For example  fake cheese will most likely be interpreted as a non-dairy cheese–like product because among the associations surrounding cheese is the knowledge that it is a dairy product and that dairy products are indigestible  (or off-limits on ethical grounds) to a substantial number of people.
7.	Trajectors are entities within a conception that are being described or located.  It is possible to have a trajector with no landmark as in John walked, where John is the trajector.   If you talked about trajectors with respect to landmarks that was fine as long as you got at the basic idea above.   Trajectors are also entities with primary salience (or you might have said that they were in focus)    They are not the same as subjects although it is often the case that subjects identify the trajector.  Subjects are a grammatical category and trajectors a semantic category.
8.	no particular comments.  In general, well answered.
9.	Many nice answers.  Some general notes:  I was looking for a discussion of meaning in general (not specifically linguistic meaning)  That is, the fact that bodies with particular goals and interaction possibilities (body shape, sensory systems)  experiencing the world  is what creates structure and thereby meaning for that organism .
10.	answer should have talked about temporal iconicity or how processing time is exploited  in adding comprehension of sequentiality to series of events.
11.	correct answer  was (d).  Categories are maximally differentiated at superordinate level not the basic level.  (a), (b) and (c) are all true of basic level categories.
12.	correct answer was (c).  The resolution here  involves metaphor, not understatement.
13.	correct answer was (c).  Understanding of come, across, there all involve locating or moving  entities with respect to some location
14.	correct answer was (c).
15.	correct answer was (b). Humor may involve just incongruity.   6-year-olds in particular don’t require resolution.  They find incongruous situations just as funny when there is no resolution.
16.	Correct answer was  (a).
17.	Correct answer was (c).  Essential features are part of the Aristotelean model.  Protoypes, gradable features and different degrees of membership (centrality) in the category are all features of the Prototype model.
18.	Correct answer was (b).  Examples are odd because  first noun evokes maximal instead of immediate scope for second noun.
19.	Correct answer was (b).  Answer  (c) is part of idea of embodiment  but not descriptive of the beachcomber model.
20.	Correct answer was (b).  Answer  (a) was used as a means of establishing prototypes.
21.	Correct answer was (b).  Remember that schematicity contrasts with specificity.  The two example sentences could both have been used to describe the same objective situation, but they varied in level of detail (or specificity, or schematicity).
22.	Correct answer was (c ).  Rember  Langacker analyzed the progressive as imposing a narrow temporal window (scope) on a the action expressed by a verb.
23.	Correct answer was (a)  In both 1 and 2, the speaker is the person responsible for the judgment or claim made that he is smart.   In 2, the speaker is explicitly mentioned and therefore objectively construed.  In 1, speaker is only implicit and so subjectively construed.