Final Study Guide

~40% of test will cover material up to midterm.  Refer to midterm study guide for a list of concepts you should know for exam.

The following is a list of concepts to know from the second half of the course

Imagery

    What is the difference between propositional and analog representation?
    Kosslyn experiments (imaging boat, scan time is a function of distance)
    Campus map study (Baum and Jonides)
    Shepard & Metzler experiment (mental rotation)
    Hinton & Parsons cube rotation experiment
    What is Talmy’s notion of ception.  Where does imagery fit in?
    Be able to discuss one example of neurological evidence for analog representation
        Davidson & Schwarz,  Ingvar  (from Badeley reading)
    Talmy’s paths:
        You won’t need to be able to label the type of path when you see it but be familiar with examples of each of the following types
         and make sure you understand how these can be construed as evoking fictive motion:
                Shadow paths, alignment paths, pattern paths, access paths, advent  paths, frame relative motion, coverage paths
   
    Mental scanning
    Matlock experiments:
Be familiar with design of experiments and general outcomes for
            Slow vs fast travel scenario,
            long vs short distance scenario,
            easy vs. rough terrain scenario
        What is the congruency effect?

Metaphor
    What are the target and source domains?
    Lakoff’s structural, orientational & ontological metaphors
        How is characterized?
        Orientational metaphors have a basis in physical experience
    Blending
        What is Fauconnier’s notion of a blend?
        Have an example of both a linguistic and a non-linguistic blend
        What is a grammatical blend?
        Understand the structure of a blend
        Be prepared to analyze an example of a blend,  choosing the inputs,   identifying salient elements in each input and how these are
        linked to elements in the blend
       

Embodied machines
    What is the grounding or binding problem?
    How does the NLP approach to artificial language comprehension differ from the
        Embodied machine approach?
    What are the potential advantages of the embodied approach?
    Talking Heads
        What sensory capabilities do the robots have?
        What is the nature of their language game?
        What things can cause the game to fail?
        How does ambiguity occur in the communication system the robots develop?
    Cangelosi & Parisi
        How do these experiments with virtual agents in a virtual world use an embodied approach to language acquisition
        How does natural selection as applied in these experiments drive the acquisition of language?
    Roy’s robots
        What is the main task for these robots
        What is their input
        What is the idea of mutual information (you don’t need to know the equation)